![]() ![]() This type of pre-competitive cooperation minimizes duplication of effort and risk of failure, and maximizes the benefits to the public of the government funds. The USABC provides a unique opportunity for developers to more ยป leverage their resources in combination with those of the automotive industry and the Federal government. domestic automakers Chrysler, Ford, and General Motors, to sponsor development of advanced high-performance batteries for electric and hybrid electric vehicle applications. The USABC is a partnership, formed in 1991, between the three U.S. DE-FC26- 05NT42403 (duration: Jthrough April 30, 2014, funded for $125 million in cost- shared research) are summarized in this Final Technical Report for a total of thirty-seven (37) collaborative programs organized by the United States Advanced Battery Consortium, LLC (USABC). Department of Energy (DOE) Cooperative Agreement No. The accomplishments and technology progressmade during the U.S. Because there is not yet one ideal material that can meet requirements for all applications, research into cathodes for Li-ion batteries is, as of this writing, a very active field. These considerations have led to the development of several different types of cathode materials, as will be covered in the next section. Premature failure of one cell in a string may cause others to go into overcharge during passage of current. This is particularly relevant for the large battery packs intended for vehicular uses, which are designed with multiple cells wired in series arrays. Another extremely important factor is safety under abuse conditions such as overcharge. Insights on increasing energy and power densities of lithium-ion batteries are also =, particularly for vehicular applications. Here, this article discusses three major aspects for cost reduction: (1) quality control to minimize scrap rate in cell manufacturing (2) novel electrode processing and engineering to reduce processing cost and increase energy density and throughputs and (3) material development and optimization for lithium-ion batteries with high-energy density. Therefore, future cost reduction will rely on cell manufacturing and broader market acceptance. Even though many advancements in cell chemistry have been realized since the lithium-ion battery was first commercialized in 1991, few major breakthroughs have occurred in the past decade. ![]() Although the cost of electric vehicle batteries has been reduced by ~70% from 2008 to 2015, the current battery pack cost (268/kWh in 2015) is still >2 times what the USABC targets (125/kWh). Reducing cost and increasing energy density are two barriers for widespread application of lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles. ![]()
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